Capýtulo 54:

 Discurso directo e indirecto

Direct and indirect speech
(direct and indirect spi..ch)
(discurso directo e indirecto)

"direct speech" = el discurso directo se usa para expresar algo directamente, es lo que una persona dice o nos dice directamente.
Ex:
I am tired.
I am going to Cancún this weekend.

"simple indirect speech" = el discurso indirecto simple es un reporte simple que damos o que nos dan de lo que una persona dijo.
Ex:
You) John said "I am tired".
Mary) the other day you told me "I donot like going to my house" and now you are going.

"complete indirect speech" = el discurso o reporte indirecto completo se usa para comunicarle a una persona lo que otra persona dijo.
Ex:                        
John) I am tired. = frase directa.

You tell another person) John said he was tired!. = frase o reporte indirecto.

Rules:

1) Si en una frase directa se usa la acción "to be", entonces en el reporte indirecto se usa el pasado de "to be" (was, were).
Ex:
Be ------ was / were.
To be going to ------- was / were going to.

Frase directa: I am tired.
Frase indirecta: he said that he was tired.

She is going to travel to Acapulco.
- She said that she was going to travel to Acapulco.

2) Si en la frase directas se usa:    ----             entonces en las frases indirectas se usa:

               Can                                                 ----                                         could.
               May                                                ----                                         might.
              Will                                                 ----                                         would.
     Simple present                                        ----                                     simple past.
                            
          simple past
       Present perfect                                                                               past perfect.
         past perfect

Ex:
Frase directa) I can do that.
Frase indirecta) he said that he could do that.

I will kiss her.
- He said that he would kiss her.

I may ask her.
- He said that he might ask her.

I always do it.
- He said that he always did it.

She has always good ideas.
- He said that she always had good ideas.

I already did my homework.
- He said that he alredy had done his homework.

I have done plenty of exercise recently.
- She said that she had done plenty of exercise recently.

I had seen that face.
- She said that she had seen that face.

3) Si queremos decir a una persona lo que otra persona pregunto, usamos "asked + la palabra interrogativa correspondiente", y luego aplicamos la regla 1 y 2:
Ex:
Frase directa) where did you go last night?.
Frase indirecta) he asked where you had gone last night.

Where have you been?
- She asked where you had been.

What are you doing?
- He asked what you were doing.

4) Si no se utiliza una palabra interrogativa en la pregunta, entonces solo usamos "asked + if", y luego lógicamente la regla 1 y 2:
Ex:
Do you know her?
- He asked if you knew her.

Did you go to the cinema?
- He asked if you had gone to the cinema.

Have you finished your work?.
- He asked if you had finished your work.

Had you been sick?.
- He asked if you had been sick.

Advanced 1 english practice, unit 7
"indirect speech"

Make the appropiate indirect speech of each one of the following sentences:

1) I will kiss her.            _____________________________
2) I may ask her.              _____________________________
3) I always do it.           ____________________________
4) she has always good ideas.         __________________________________
5) I already did my homework.        __________________________________
6) I have done plenty of exercise recently.       _______________________________
7) I had seen that face.       _________________________________
8) where have you been?      __________________________________
9) what are you doing?        ____________________________________
10) do you know her?        _____________________________________
11) did you go to the cinema?     _________________________________
12) have you finished your work?.      _______________________________
13) had you been sick?.       ____________________________

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