DEMOSTRATIVOS (this, that, those...)
Este = This (masc.)
Estes = These (masc. plur.)
Esta = This (fem.) Estas = These (fem. plur.)
Ese = That (masc.) Eses = Those (masc. plur.)
Esa = That (fem.) Esas = Those (fem. plur.)
Aquel = That other (masc.)
Aquellos = Those others (masc. plur.)
Aquella = That other (fem.)Aquellas = Those others (fem. plur.)
In Spanish we have 3 degrees for the demonstratives, you can develop your conversation only with This (este) and That (ese) like in English. However, aquel is also used for things that are very far away.
Example : Tiempo = time
21st century = En estes tiempos... (nowadays, in these times...)
19th century = En eses tiempos... (In those times...)
13th century = En aquellos tiempos... (In those times, in those distant times...)
As you can see, "aquel" is for things that are more far away than just "ese"
Needless to say that as everything else in Spanish, the demonstratives have also gender (fem. masc.) and number (sing. plur.) depending on the name that they go with.
EXAMPLES
Este libro (this book), Esta casa (this house), Estas playas (these beaches), Estes amigos (these friends), esta pared (this wall).
VOCABULARY
Here we have words of different fields, we will need them all, so try to remember as many as possible (write down the ones you don't remember in notes, to study them when you are in the bus or when you have some free time).
Calle = Street Plaza = Square Pueblo = Village
Ciudad = City Pa ís = Country Mundo = World
Comida = Food Bebida = Drink Cuchillo = Knive
Tenedor = Fork Cuchara = Spoon Plato = Plate
Vaso = Glass Copa = Glass (wine/whisky) Taza = Cup
Mantel = tablecloth Cucharilla = teaspoon Playa = beach
Campo = Forest Cine = Cinema Fiesta = Party
Tienda = shop Casa = house Edificio = Building
Piso = Flat Suelo = Floor Techo = ceiling
Pared = wall Habitación = room Dormitorio = bedroom
Baño = toilet / bathroom Servicio = toilet Cocina = kitchen
Sala = living room Sala de estar = living room Salón = living room
Balcón = Balcony Pasillo = corridor / aisle Tejado = roof
Sótano = basement Tendedero = drying area Entrada = entrance
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