Capítulo 4:

 Situations

Let's see now the different options that we have when using the phone Notice that all the questions and exclamations in Spanish are written also with opening sign.   EN EL TELEFONO   ¿Diga?  Hello? (tell me?)   -Hola, buenos días. ¿Puedo hablar con el Señor García por favor? Hello good morning. Can I speak with Mr. García please?  (always THE Mr. Garcia)   1.No, lo siento, en este momento el Sr. García no está No, I am sorry, Mr. García isn't here right now ( in this moment)   2. Si, un momento por favor   Yes, one moment please   3. El Sr. García está en una reunion en este momento, ¿quiere dejar un mensaje? Mr. García is in a meeting right now, do you want to leave a message?   No gracias, prefiero llamar más tarde   No thanks, I prefer to call again later (PREFERIR = TO PREFER,  LLAMAR = TO CALL (me llamo, my name is).     Now we are the ones receiving a call...   Hola ¿está Sara?    Hi, is Sara home? (Literal = Hi, is Sara?)   1. No, se ha equivocado de número       No, you have the  wrong number   i Ah ! lo siento...    Ah! sorry   2. No, Sara no está, volverá en quince minutos   No, Sara isn't here she will be back in 15 minutos.     The rest of the phrases will be the same as for Mr. Garcia (he isn't here, he is in some place, do you wanna leave a message etc.)  Now let's alalize:   - Se ha equivocado = Literally this means  " You have wronged yourself" Equivocarse is to make a mistake,  but you can also make another person to commit a mistake, that's why it's reflexive -SE.   - The best way to ask for somebody in a company, or when calling to some place is with "Puedo hablar con..." (may I speak with).   -We say "lo siento" when the person is not in the place to apologize, but in a soft way because we didn't do anything really... it's not our fault that the person isn't there.

DEMOSTRATIVOS  (this, that, those...)

Este = This (masc.)  

Estes = These (masc. plur.)

Esta = This (fem.)       Estas = These (fem. plur.)

Ese = That (masc.)     Eses = Those (masc. plur.)

Esa = That (fem.)    Esas = Those (fem. plur.)

Aquel = That other (masc.)

Aquellos = Those others (masc. plur.)

Aquella = That other (fem.)

Aquellas = Those others (fem. plur.)

In Spanish we have 3 degrees for the demonstratives, you can develop your conversation only with This (este) and That (ese) like in English. However, aquel is also used for things that are very far away.

Example :    Tiempo = time

21st century =  En estes tiempos... (nowadays, in these times...)

19th century = En eses tiempos... (In those times...)

13th century = En aquellos tiempos... (In those times, in those distant times...)

As you can see, "aquel" is for things that are more far away than just "ese"

Needless to say that as everything else in Spanish, the demonstratives have also gender (fem. masc.) and number (sing. plur.) depending on the name that they go with.

EXAMPLES

Este libro (this book), Esta casa (this house), Estas playas (these beaches), Estes amigos (these friends), esta pared (this wall).

                                                          VOCABULARY

Here we have words of different fields, we will need them all, so try to remember as many as possible  (write down the ones you don't remember in notes, to study them when you are in the bus or when you have some free time).

Calle = Street                                     Plaza = Square                           Pueblo = Village

Ciudad = City                                    Pa ís = Country                            Mundo = World

Comida = Food                                 Bebida = Drink                           Cuchillo = Knive

Tenedor = Fork                                  Cuchara = Spoon                       Plato = Plate

Vaso = Glass                                     Copa = Glass (wine/whisky)      Taza = Cup

Mantel = tablecloth                         Cucharilla = teaspoon               Playa = beach

Campo = Forest                                Cine = Cinema                           Fiesta = Party

Tienda = shop                                   Casa = house                             Edificio = Building

Piso = Flat                                           Suelo = Floor                               Techo = ceiling

Pared = wall                                      Habitación  = room                   Dormitorio = bedroom

Baño = toilet / bathroom                 Servicio = toilet                          Cocina = kitchen

Sala = living room                            Sala de estar = living room         Salón = living room

Balcón = Balcony                            Pasillo = corridor / aisle              Tejado = roof

Sótano = basement                        Tendedero =  drying area         Entrada = entrance

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