Capítulo 3:

 Parts we need

LESSON FIVE     THE NUMBERS

1   UNO              2   DOS            3   TRES             4   CUATRO           5   CINCO             6   SEIS

7   SIETE              8   OCHO        9   NUEVE        10   DIEZ                11   ONCE             12   DOCE

13   TRECE                14   CATORCE           15   QUINCE          16   DIECISEIS         17   DIECISIETE

18   DIECIOCHO      19   DIECINUEVE       20   VEINTE             21   VEINTIUNO      22   VEINTIDOS

After veinte, all the numbers will be made adding 1,2,3... (veintiuno, veintidos, veintitres etc.)

30   TREINTA             40   CUARENTA          50   CINCUENTA       60   SESENTA          70   SETENTA   80   OCHENTA         90    NOVENTA             After 30 numbers are written in 3 words, but formed exactly the same:   VEINTICUATRO (24)    VEINTICINCO (25)    TREINTA Y UNO (31)    TREINTA Y SIETE (37)   CUARENTA Y OCHO (48)     CINCUENTA Y NUEVE (59)    NOVENTA Y TRES (93)       Now let´s see the hundreds, they also follow a pattern so they will be easy to form.   100   CIEN (when the number goes alone)   100 CIENTO... (when another number follows)   101   CIENTO UNO           104  CIENTO CUATRO           113   CIENTO TRECE   146   CIENTO CUARENTA Y SEIS      175   CIENTO SETENTA Y CINCO          100   CIEN   139   CIENTO TREINTA Y NUEVE      198   CIENTO NOVENTA Y OCHO     200   DOSCIENTOS     300   TRESCIENTOS       400    CUATROCIENTOS       500   QUINIENTOS   600   SEISCIENTOS      700   SETECIENTOS        800   OCHOCIENTOS          900   NOVECIENTOS   The numbers in red are irregulars, remember them.  1000 MIL          2000 DOS MIL     3000   TRES MIL     4000   CUATRO MIL...   The thousands are totally regular, but remember they don´t have plural           200 DOSCIENTOS IS CORRECT               2000 DOS MILES IS WRONG (Dos mil is right)     1,000,000  UN MILLóN (remember LL is read like in John or James) 2,000,000  DOS MILLONES    3,000,000  TRES MILLONES...

EXAMPLES (EJEMPLOS)

 45.007           CUARENTA Y CINCO MIL SIETE

322.515          TRESCIENTOS VEINTIDOS MIL QUINIENTOS QUINCE

One last thing. The European billion is the equivalent to one million of millions, have it in mind when you translate an ammount of money from english.

This is all there is to know about numbers. Notice when the numbers go separate or together.

LESSON SIX ADJECTIVES    

                         Contento = Happy (Glad)                                  Triste = sad

                         Fuerte = Strong                                                     Debil = weak

                         Alto = high/tall (people and things)                  Bajo = short/low

                         Grande = Big                                                        Peque ño = small/little

                         R ápido = fast                                                        Lento = slow

                         Interesante = Interesting                                     Aburrido = boring

                         Guapo = handsome/pretty                                Feo = ugly (things/people)

                         Bonito = pretty/beautiful (for things)                 

                         Agradable = nice/agreeable                            Desagradable = Disgusting

                         Simp ático = nice/funny                                      Antip ático = Antipathic/rude

                         Gordo = Fat                                                          Delgado = thin/slim

                         Rico = rich                                                             Pobre = poor

                         Enfermo = ill/sick                                                   Sano = healthy

                         Caro = expensive                                                 Barato = cheap

                         Ligero = light                                                         Pesado = heavy

                         Fácil = easy                                                           Difícil = difficult

                         Sencillo = easy                                                      Complicado = Complicated

                         Lleno = full                                                             Vacío = empty

                         Largo = long                                                         Corto = short

                         Listo = clever                                                         Tonto = fool/silly

                         Inteligente = intelligent

                         Claro = clear/light                                                Oscuro = dark

                         Nuevo = New                                                        Viejo = old

We have seen already how the adjectives go after the name ( casa roja = right / roja casa = wrong). This will always be like this except with this 2 exceptions;

-In literary works, songs and poetry they use the adjectives first as an accepted resource, but it will be strange  if we use in conversation lines taken from Don Quijote.

-With the adjectives   Bueno = Good      Malo = bad   Nuevo= new (this can go before or after) the correct way is to put them first if they don't go with any adverb.

Es un buen libro = It's a good book       Es una mala película = It's a bad movie

Es un libro muy bueno= It's a very good book

  When we add muy (very) is better to put the adjective "bueno" in the end because the phrase sounds more natural.

Notice how the masculine loses the O. Buen libro, Mal libro.

                                                        PRACTICAL PART

 Here are some phrases, some of these words we have seen, some of them are new. Write the new ones in your notebook and notice how your vocabulary grows.

Hola, buenos días. Me llamo Jorge, tengo veintiocho a ños .

Me gustan las películas de acción. También me gusta conocer gente de paises diferentes.

Puedo hablar inglés y espa ñol .

Tengo que hablar con tu amigo Antonio, es muy importante. Mi coche está en su casa y no quiero ir en bus al trabajo.

El lunes hay una fiesta en casa de Mar ía. Me gusta María, es muy divertida, tambien es muy guapa. Pero hay un problema, ella no me conoce. No puedo hablar con ella... no es fácil hablar con una chica así.

¡ Hola Sergio ! Estoy en Washington. Me gusta la casa blanca. En el restaurante hay pollo con tomate.

Tengo veintiocho a ños = I am 28 years old (In spanish you "have" these 28 years)

De = of      tambi én = also/too     
gente = people (in spanish people is singular) la gente es Agradable (instead of la gente son ) 
Que = what/that (we will study this word later)
Muy = very           IR = the verb TO GO in infinitive    AL = contraction of A EL (to the)
Trabajo = work (verb and action)       EN= IN               EL LUNES= ON MONDAY
HAY= there is/there are       Me conoce= knows me (we will see this later)

Don't worry if you didn't understand most of the text, right now we are only building our vocabulary.

When we have A + EL  or DE + EL  we contract into  AL and DEL. Remember it.

LESSON SEVEN   FIRST VERBS

SER =                        TO BE (for things that don't change)              Yo soy = I am ESTAR =                   
TO BE (for things that change)                        Yo estoy = I am TENER =                   
TO HAVE (only for posession)                           Yo tengo = I have HABER =                  
TO HAVE (as an auxiliary I have gone)           Yo he = I have COMER =                
TO EAT                                                                Yo como = I eat BEBER =                   
TO DRINK                                                            Yo bebo = I drink QUERER =                
TO WANT                                                            Yo quiero = I want GUSTAR =                
TO LIKE (it's reflexive "It's liked by me")            Me gusta = I like PODER =                  
TO CAN/ TO BE ABLE                                        Yo puedo = I can CREER =                    
TO BELIEVE/ TO THINK (in opinions)                 Yo creo = I believe DORMIR =                
TO SLEEP                                                            Yo duermo = I sleep NADAR =                  
TO SWIM                                                            Yo nado = I swim VIVIR =                      
TO LIVE                                                              Yo vivo = I live.    

The verbs in Spanish have 3 posible endings, AR  ER  IR, if they are regulars they will follow the same conjugation depending of the ending.    
PREPOSITIONS   A = to                                  
CONTRA = against DEBAJO = Under                
DE = of / from CON = With                        
DESDE = from EN = in                                 
ENTRE = between HACIA = towards               
HASTA = until/till PARA = for                           
POR = by SEGúN = according to      
SIN = without SOBRE = over/about          

The infinitive of the verbs we can use with these expressions we know:  
Me gusta (I like)     
Quiero (I want)       
Tengo (I have)       
Debo (I must)  
Me gusta comer = I like to eat        
Quiero beber = I want to drink    
Debo dormir = I must sleep
Tengo que nadar = I have to swim 

In this phrase the word QUE is translated like THAT    

We can also put the prepositions making already long phrases:  
Me gusta ir a la playa desde mi casa para nadar = I like to go to the beach from my house to swim.  
Quiero comer en una mesa grande y estar con mis amigos = I want to eat in a big table and be with my friends  
Tengo que vivir en España y creo que el país me gusta = I have to live in Spain and I think I like the country.  
Segun mi amigo, en mi casa no tengo puertas bonitas = According to my friend in my house I don't have beautiful doors.   Estoy contento por el nuevo trabajo de Javier, Javier es muy simpatico = I am happy for the new job of Javier, Javier is very nice.

Cursos similares a Basic Spanish for foreigners

1. Normas ortográficas del español Este curso te presenta las normas ortográficas más básicas para dominar, en el... [25/01/06]				19.664
2. Cuaderno ortográfico A la disciplina de escribir correctamente las palabras se le conoce como... [13/02/06]				160.612
3. Acentuación en español La acentuación del español está establecida actualmente por la "Ortografía de la... [16/05/08]				6.576